Transnationalizing Rights: International Human Rights Law in Cross-Border Contexts

International human rights law (IHRL) is still largely state-centred. This is an obstacle when it comes to making cross-border problems such as transboundary environmental harm and transnational surveillance amenable to human rights claims. The state-centredness of IHRL is challenged by three phenomena associated with transnationalization processes: by extraterritorial harmful effects; by complex (multi-stage, multi-level and public-private) cross-border cooperation impacting the enjoyment of rights and, finally, by cross-border conduct of non-state actors with an adverse impact on rights abroad. The central argument defended in this article is that existing IHRL can accommodate these challenges if some of its core concepts are given a 'transnational interpretation', thus by complementing the traditional state-centred conception of IHRL. The article discusses transnational interpretations of three core doctrinal concepts, namely jurisdiction, interference and human rights obligations. It is shown that examples for transnational interpretations of international human rights can be found, for example, in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and some recent European Union and US cooperation treaties.