Ultrafast multi-cycle terahertz measurements of the electrical conductivity in strongly excited solids

被引：36

作者：

Chen, Z. ^{[1
]}

Curry, C. B. ^{[1
,2
]}

Zhang, R. ^{[2
]}

Treffert, F. ^{[1
,3
]}

Stojanovic, N. ^{[4
,5
]}

Toleikis, S. ^{[4
]}

Pan, R. ^{[4
]}

Gauthier, M. ^{[1
]}

Zapolnova, E. ^{[4
]}

Seipp, L. E. ^{[1
,6
]}

Weinmann, A. ^{[1
,6
]}

Mo, M. Z. ^{[1
]}

Kim, J. B. ^{[1
]}

Witte, B. B. L. ^{[1
,7
]}

Bajt, S. ^{[4
,8
]}

Usenko, S. ^{[4
,9
,10
]}

Soufli, R. ^{[11
]}

Pardini, T. ^{[11
]}

Hau-Riege, S. ^{[11
]}

Burcklen, C. ^{[11
]}

Schein, J. ^{[7
]}

Redmer, R. ^{[7
]}

Tsui, Y. Y. ^{[2
]}

Ofori-Okai, B. K. ^{[1
]}

Glenzer, S. H. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[2] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H7, Canada

[3] Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany

[4] DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany

[5] DLR Inst Opt Sensor Syst, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[6] Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, D-85579 Neubiberg, Germany

[7] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18059 Rostock, Germany

[8] Hamburg Ctr Ultrafast Imaging, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany

[9] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany

[10] European XFEL GmbH, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany

[11] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA

来源：

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 2021年 / 12卷 / 01期

基金：

加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

D O I：

10.1038/s41467-021-21756-6

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Key insights in materials at extreme temperatures and pressures can be gained by accurate measurements that determine the electrical conductivity. Free-electron laser pulses can ionize and excite matter out of equilibrium on femtosecond time scales, modifying the electronic and ionic structures and enhancing electronic scattering properties. The transient evolution of the conductivity manifests the energy coupling from high temperature electrons to low temperature ions. Here we combine accelerator-based, high-brightness multi-cycle terahertz radiation with a single-shot electro-optic sampling technique to probe the evolution of DC electrical conductivity using terahertz transmission measurements on sub-picosecond time scales with a multi-undulator free electron laser. Our results allow the direct determination of the electron-electron and electron-ion scattering frequencies that are the major contributors of the electrical resistivity. The electrical conductivity is critical to understand warm dense matter, but the accurate measurement is extremely challenging. Here the authors use multi-cycle THz pulses to measure the conductivity of gold foils strongly heated by free-electron laser, determining the individual contributions of electron-electron and electron-ion scattering.

引用

页数：8

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