Four Decades of United States Mobile Source Pollutants: Spatial-Temporal Trends Assessed by Ground-Based Monitors, Air Quality Models, and Satellites

被引:20
作者
Henneman, Lucas R. F. [6 ]
Shen, Huizhong [1 ]
Hogrefe, Christian [2 ,3 ]
Russell, Armistead G. [1 ]
Zigler, Corwin M. [4 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[2] US EPA, Atmospher Dynam & Meteorol Branch, ORD, CEMM, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[3] US EPA, Atmospher & Environm Syst Modeling Div, ORD, CEMM, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[4] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Stat & Data Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[5] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Womens Hlth, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[6] George Mason Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Infrastruct Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院; 美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
DYNAMIC EVALUATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; FINE PARTICULATE; OZONE LEVELS; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; ACCOUNTABILITY; EXPOSURE; IMPACTS; NOX;
D O I
10.1021/acs.est.0c07128
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
On-road emissions sources degrade air quality, and these sources have been highly regulated. Epidemiological and environmental justice studies often use road proximity as a proxy for traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure, and other studies employ air quality models or satellite observations. To assess these metrics' abilities to reproduce observed near-road concentration gradients and changes over time, we apply a hierarchical linear regression to ground-based observations, long-term air quality model simulations using Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ), and satellite products. Across 1980-2019, observed TRAP concentrations decreased, and road proximity was positively correlated with TRAP. For all pollutants, concentrations decreased fastest at locations with higher road proximity, resulting in "flatter" concentration fields in recent years. This flattening unfolded at a relatively constant rate for NOx, whereas the flattening of CO concentration fields has slowed. CMAQ largely captures observed spatial-temporal NO2 trends across 2002-2010 but overstates the relationships between CO and elemental carbon fine particulate matter (EC) road proximity. Satellite NOx measures overstate concentration reductions near roads. We show how this perspective provides evidence that California's on-road vehicle regulations led to substantial decreases in NO2, NOx and EC in California, with other states that adopted California's light-duty automobile standards showing mixed benefits over states that did not adopt these standards.
引用
收藏
页码:882 / 892
页数:11
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