Presence of Salmonella spp. in reused broiler litter

Background: reutilization of poultry litter for multiple broiler flocks is a common practice in modern production systems due to the increasing scarcity and cost of bedding materials, and the necessity to reduce environmental impact. However, this practice has been associated with sanitary risks, such as the presence of Salmonella spp. in broiler meat. Objective: a study was conducted to detect the presence of Salmonella spp. in reused litters. Methods: 1,280 litter samples from Midwestern Brazilian poultry farms were analyzed during seven consecutive flocks. Samples were collected from flocks aged 28 to 32 days. Disposable shoe covers were used for sample collections. Presence of Salmonella spp. was determined by microbiological isolation. During the interval period between flocks the litter was fermented prior to its reuse by covering it with a black plastic canvas for 7 days. Results: positive samples for Salmonella spp. decreased when the number of litter reuses increased compared with the first reuse of the litter. An anaerobic digestion process with biological and physicochemical changes in the litter material and microbial communities may explain the low survival of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. Conclusions: our study demonstrates that litter reused after the fermentation process is a safe and recommended practice to reduce the presence of Salmonella spp.