Agroforestry adoption, innovations and smallholder farmers' motivations in tropical uplands of Southern Philippines

A combination of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and household survey was conducted to understand what motivates Claveria farmers to plant trees and adopt agroforestry. Of the 300 households surveyed, 72% adopted agroforestry systems. Parkland system is the most widely practiced (30%), followed by hedgerow system or natural vegetative strips (NVS) (18%), block planting (16%), and border planting (8%). The agroforestry system adopted by farmers varies with their motivations. If the primary motive is to have additional income, farmers practice either block planting, border planting, or parkland system. For soil conservation, farmers prefer hedgerows system or NVS. Farmers wanting to protect their crops from strong winds plant trees along farm boundaries as windbreaks (border planting).