Macronutrient Intake from Human Milk, Infant Growth, and Body Composition at Term Equivalent Age: A Longitudinal Study of Hospitalized Very Preterm Infants

被引:30
|
作者
Belfort, Mandy [1 ,2 ]
Cherkerzian, Sara [1 ,2 ]
Bell, Katherine [1 ,2 ]
Soldateli, Betina [1 ]
Cordova Ramos, Erika [3 ]
Palmer, Caroline [1 ]
Steele, Tina [1 ,4 ]
Pepin, Hunter [1 ,5 ]
Ellard, Deirdre [1 ,5 ]
Drouin, Kaitlin [1 ]
Inder, Terrie [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pediat Newborn Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[2] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[3] Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Newborn Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[4] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Nursing, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[5] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Nutr, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA
关键词
human milk; infant growth; macronutrient; AIR-DISPLACEMENT PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; BREAST-MILK; FORTIFICATION; NEURODEVELOPMENT; VELOCITY; PROTEIN; CHARTS; BIRTH; FAT;
D O I
10.3390/nu12082249
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
The variable macronutrient content of human milk may contribute to growth deficits among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In a longitudinal study of 37 infants < 32 weeks gestation, we aimed to (1) determine the between-infant variation in macronutrient intake from human milk and (2) examine associations of macronutrient intake with growth outcomes. We analyzed 1626 human milk samples (median, 43 samples/infant) with mid infrared spectroscopy. Outcomes at term equivalent age were weight, length, head circumference, fat mass, and fat-free mass. Median (range) intakes from human milk were: protein 1.37 (0.88, 2.43) g/kg/day; fat 4.20 (3.19, 5.82) g/kg/day; carbohydrate 8.94 (7.72, 9.85) g/kg/day; and energy 82.5 (68.7, 99.3) kcal/kg/day. In median regression models adjusted for birth size and gestational age, and other covariates, greater intakes of fat and energy were associated with higher weight (0.61 z-scores per g/kg/day fat, 95% CI 0.21, 1.01; 0.69 z-scores per 10 kcal/kg/day, 95% CI 0.28, 1.10), whereas greater protein intake was associated with greater body length (0.84 z-scores per g/kg/day protein, 95% CI 0.09, 1.58). Higher fat intake was also associated with higher fat mass and fat-free mass. Macronutrient intakes from human milk were highly variable and associated with growth outcomes despite routine fortification.
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页码:1 / 12
页数:12
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