RETRACTED: Inhibition of Nonneuronal α7-Nicotinic Receptor for Lung Cancer Treatment (Retracted article. See vol. 182, pg. 1456, 2010)

Rationale: Studies strongly suggest that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors for nicotine (nAChRs) play a significant role in lung cancer predisposition and natural history. The nAChR alpha 7 subunit has been found to be pivotal in the control of nicotine-induced lung cancer development and in growth signal transduction induced by nicotine binding to nAChRs. Objectives: To investigate the anticancer effects of alpha 7-nAChR antagonists. Methods: (1) To check the correlation between alpha 7-nAChR presence and alpha-cobratoxin (alpha-CbT) sensitivity, binding experiments were performed in various normal human cells, lung cancer cell lines, and primary tumoral cells; (2) to demonstrate that alpha-CbT might be an efficient adjuvant therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) we expanded our previous observations to a panel of NSCLCs of various subtypes orthotopically grafted on nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice; (3) to gain insight into the mechanism of alpha-CbT-induced tumor reduction, the cells obtained after enzymatic digestion of tumors were analyzed for procaspase-9, Bax, Bad, and BCl-X-L protein; and (4) Snail/E-cadherin expression was evaluated to acquire information about the chemoresistance of cancer cells to alpha-CbT. Measurements and Main Results: We report herein the results of an experimental strategy aimed at investigating the antitumor effects of a powerful alpha 7-nAChR antagonist, alpha-CbT, in an in vivo setting set to mimic the clinical setting of lung cancer; in addition, a possible explanation for alpha-CbT selectivity toward cancer cells is presented. Conclusions: We report the prolonged survival of alpha-CbT-treated animals in our mouse model of NSCLC, which is most likely the result of multiple mechanisms, including various antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects.