The crossed phrenic phenomenon and recovery of function following spinal cord injury

被引:85
作者
Goshgarian, Harry G. [1 ]
机构
[1] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
关键词
Crossed phrenic phenomenon; Channelrhodopsin; Ipsilateral phrenic motoneurons; Rostral ventral respiratory group; Spinal cord injury; Respiration; RESPIRATORY MOTOR CONTROL; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; ADULT-RAT; MESSENGER-RNA; QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT; MOTONEURON MORPHOLOGY; INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; NMDA RECEPTORS;
D O I
10.1016/j.resp.2009.06.005
中图分类号
Q4 [生理学];
学科分类号
071003 ;
摘要
This review will focus on neural plasticity and recovery of respiratory function after spinal cord injury and feature the "crossed phrenic phenomenon" (CPP) as a model for demonstrating such plasticity and recovery. A very brief summary of the earlier literature on the CPP will be followed by a more detailed review of the more recent studies. Two aspects of plasticity associated with the CPP that have been introduced in the literature recently have been spontaneous recovery of ipsilateral hemidiaphragmatic function following chronic spinal cord injury and drug-induced persistent recovery of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm lasting long after animals have been weaned from drug treatment. The underlying mechanisms for this plasticity and resultant recovery will be discussed in this review. Moreover, two new models involving the CPP have been introduced: a mouse model which now provides for an opportunity to study CPP plasticity at a molecular level using a genetic approach and light-stimulated induction of the CPP accomplished by transfecting mammalian cells with channelrhodopsin. Both models provide an opportunity to sort out the intracellular signaling cascades that may be involved in motor recovery in the respiratory system after spinal cord injury. Finally, the review will examine developmental plasticity of the CPP and discuss how the expression of the CPP changes in neonatal rats as they mature to adults. Understanding the underlying mechanisms behind the spontaneous expression of the crossed phrenic pathway either in the developing animal or after chronic spinal cord injury in the adult animal may provide clues to initiating respiratory recovery sooner to alleviate human suffering and eventually eliminate the leading cause of death in human cases of spinal cord injury. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:85 / 93
页数:9
相关论文
共 82 条
[1]  
AERINSKY E, 1961, EXP NEURAL, V3, P467
[2]   Light-Induced Rescue of Breathing after Spinal Cord Injury [J].
Alilain, Warren J. ;
Li, Xiang ;
Horn, Kevin P. ;
Dhingra, Rishi ;
Dick, Thomas E. ;
Herlitze, Stefan ;
Silver, Jerry .
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, 2008, 28 (46) :11862-11870
[3]   Glutamate receptor plasticity and activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein regulation in the phrenic motor nucleus may mediate spontaneous recovery of the hemidiaphragm following chronic cervical spinal cord injury [J].
Alilain, Warren J. ;
Goshgarian, Harry G. .
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY, 2008, 212 (02) :348-357
[4]   MK-801 upregulates NR2A protein levels and induces functional recovery of the lpsilateral hemidiaphragm following acute C2 hemisection in adult rats [J].
Alilain, Warren J. ;
Goshgarian, Harry G. .
JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE, 2007, 30 (04) :346-354
[5]  
[Anonymous], 2008, J SPINAL CORD MED, V31, P357
[6]   BDNF is necessary and sufficient for spinal respiratory plasticity following intermittent hypoxia [J].
Baker-Herman, TL ;
Fuller, DD ;
Bavis, RW ;
Zabka, AG ;
Golder, FJ ;
Doperalski, NJ ;
Johnson, RA ;
Watters, JJ ;
Mitchell, GS .
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE, 2004, 7 (01) :48-55
[7]   Control of GluR1 AMPA receptor function by cAMP-dependent protein kinase [J].
Banke, TG ;
Bowie, D ;
Lee, HK ;
Huganir, RL ;
Schousboe, A ;
Traynelis, SF .
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, 2000, 20 (01) :89-102
[8]   Theophylline-induced respiratory recovery following cervical spinal cord hemisection is augmented by serotonin 2 receptor stimulation [J].
Basura, GJ ;
Nantwi, KD ;
Goshgarian, HG .
BRAIN RESEARCH, 2002, 956 (01) :1-13
[9]   A new model of upper cervical spinal contusion inducing a persistent unilateral diaphragmatic deficit in the adult rat [J].
Baussart, B. ;
Stamegna, J. C. ;
Polente, J. ;
Tadie, M. ;
Gauthier, P. .
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE, 2006, 22 (03) :562-574
[10]   Enhancement of long-term potentiation at CA1-subiculum synapses in MK-801-treated rats [J].
Buck, N ;
Cali, S ;
Behr, J .
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, 2006, 392 (1-2) :5-9