Nature identification and morphology characterization of cation-exchange membrane fouling during conventional electrodialysis

The aim of this work was to study the effect of a concentrate solution pH value and of the composition in calcium, carbonate, and protein of a diluate solution to be treated by conventional electrodialysis on the fouling of cation-exchange membranes (CENI). It appeared that after demineralization of solutions containing CaCl2 and CaCl2 + Na2CO3 using a concentrate solution maintained at a pH of 12, mineral fouling appeared on both sides of the CEM. The nature of the deposits was identified as calcium hydroxide and/or carbonate on both surfaces. The mineral fouling presented an aggregation-like crystal following a carnation-like pattern of aggregates of small rhombohedral crystals with CaCl2 added alone, while CaCb + Na2CO3 yielded a smoother spherical crystal. Protein fouling was detected only on the CEM surface in contact with the diluate after demineralization of a solution containing CaCl2 + Na2CO3 using a concentrate pH value of 2. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.