Principles for using animation in computer-based instruction: theoretical heuristics for effective design

As tools for multimedia and computer-based instruction (CBI) increase in sophistication, it becomes easier for instructional designers to incorporate a range of animations in instructional software. Designers, however, should ask whether animation has the potential to contribute to student learning before investing the resources in development. This paper addresses the viability of using animations in Multimedia and CBI. The functions of animations are explored as well as issues related to surface structure and fidelity. The relationship between content structures and the use of animation in CBI is also discussed. Based on the,e characteristics and purposes, heuristics are provided to guide the use of animation in CBI. Implications of these heuristics are explored and suggestions are provided for future research. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.