Pressurized fluids for extraction of cedarwood oil from Juniperus virginianna

The extraction of cedarwood oil (CWO) using liquid carbon dioxide (LC-CO2) was investigated and compared to supercritical fluid extraction, including the effects of extraction pressure and length of extraction. The chemical composition of the extracts was monitored over the course of the extraction as well. The cumulative yields of CWO from cedarwood chips using 80 L of carbon dioxide varied very little treatment to treatment, with all temperature/pressure combinations yielding between 3.55 and 3.88% CWO, and the cumulative yields were statistically equivalent. The rate of extraction was highest under the supercritical extraction conditions (i.e., 100 degreesC and 6000 psi). Under the liquid CO2 conditions (i.e., 25 degreesC), the extraction rates did not vary significantly with extraction pressure. However, there were differences in the chemical composition of the collected CWO. Extractions at 100 degreesC gave a much lower ratio of cedrol/cedrene than extractions at 25 degreesC. The highest ratio of cedrol/ cedrene was obtained using 25 degreesC and 1500 psi. The use of subcritical water was also investigated for the extraction of CWO as well. Although some CWO was extracted using this method, the temperature/pressure combinations that gave the highest weight percentage yields also gave oils with an off odor while those combinations that gave a higher quality oil had very low yields. It appears that the high temperatures and acidic conditions cause a dehydration of the tertiary alcohol, cedrol, to its hydrocarbon analogue, cedrene, during CO2 or pressurized water extractions of cedarwood.