Collective blind image watermarking in DWT-DCT domain with adaptive embedding strength governed by quality metrics

被引:45
作者
Hu, Hwai-Tsu [1 ]
Hsu, Ling-Yuan [2 ]
机构
[1] Natl Ilan Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 1,Sec 1,Shen Lung Rd, Yi Lan City 26041, Yi Lan, Taiwan
[2] St Marys Jr Coll Med Nursing & Management, Dept Informat Management, 100,Lane 265,Sansing Rd,Sec 2, Sansing Township 26644, Yi Lan, Taiwan
关键词
Block-based image watermarking; Discrete wavelet transform; Discrete cosine transform; Progressive quantization index modulation; Collective embedding strategy; QUANTIZATION INDEX MODULATION; DIGITAL WATERMARKING; OWNERSHIP VERIFICATION; WAVELET TRANSFORM; STILL IMAGES; ROBUST; ALGORITHM;
D O I
10.1007/s11042-016-3332-3
中图分类号
TP [自动化技术、计算机技术];
学科分类号
0812 ;
摘要
In this paper the merits of block-based blind watermarking in a composite DWTDCT domain are explored. To improve the performance in robustness and imperceptibility, the quantization index modulation (QIM) applied to DWT-DCT coefficients has been formulated in an adaptive manner, where controlling parameters are designed to minimize the bit error rates of extracted watermarks subject to a quality criterion. The targeted coefficients are chosen based upon signal analysis in combination with additional consideration of human visual characteristics. To further enhance watermarking efficiency, two collective strategies are proposed. One takes advantage of multi-bit embedding and the other modifies the norm of a vector constituted by selected coefficients. Experimental results show that, in comparison with other DWT-and/or DCT-related watermarking methods, the proposed collective schemes achieve satisfactory improvements in robustness while the imperceptibility is properly maintained.
引用
收藏
页码:6575 / 6594
页数:20
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