Surgical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Sustained remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus and significantly improved hyperlipidemia and control of arterial hypertension has been achieved in lean and obese patients after bariatric surgical procedures or other types of gastrointestinal surgical procedures. It has been demonstrated that the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in these patients include not only reducing weight and caloric intake but also demonstrate endocrine changes resulting from surgical manifestation of the gastrointestinal tract. In this article we review the clinical outcomes of such interventions (collectively called "metabolic surgery") and the perspectives on the role that these surgeries play in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.