Medical costs associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the United States during the first two years of treatment

Objectives: To determine the direct costs of medical care associated with aggressive and indolent non- Hodgkin's lymphoma ( NHL) in the United States; to show how costs for aggressive NHL change over time by examining costs related to initial, secondary and palliative treatment phases; and to evaluate the economic consequences of treatment failure in aggressive NHL. Patients and methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of 1999 - 2000 direct costs in newly diagnosed NHL patients and controls ( subjects without any cancer) was conducted using the MarketScan (R) medical and drug claims database of large employers across the United States. Treatment failure analysis was conducted for aggressive NHL patients, and was defined by the need for secondary treatment or palliative care after initial therapy. Cost of treatment failure was calculated as difference in regression- adjusted costs between patients with initial therapy only and patients experiencing initial treatment failure. Results: Patients with aggressive (n = 356) and indolent (n = 698) NHL had significantly greater health service utilization and associated costs ( all P50.05) than controls (n = 1068 for aggressive, n 2094 for indolent). Mean monthly costs were $ 5871 for aggressive NHL vs. $ 355 for controls (P < 0.0001) and $ 3833 for indolent NHL vs. $ 289 for controls (P < 0.0001). The primary cost drivers were hospitalization ( aggressive NHL 44% of total costs, indolent NHL 50%) and outpatient office visits (aggressive NHL 39%, indolent NHL 34%). For aggressive NHL, mean monthly initial treatment phase costs ($ 10,970) and palliative care costs ($ 9836) were higher than costs incurred during secondary phase ($ 3302). The mean cost of treatment failure in aggressive NHL was $ 14,174 per month, and $ 85,934 over the study period. Conclusion: The treatment of NHL was associated with substantial health care costs. Patients with aggressive lymphomas tended to accrue higher costs, compared with those with indolent lymphomas. These costs varied over time, with the highest costs occurring during the initial treatment and palliative care phases. Treatment failure was the most expensive treatment pattern. New strategies to prevent or delay treatment failure in aggressiveNHL could help reduce the economic burden ofNHL.