An optimized dose of raspberry ketones controls hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in male obese rats: Effect on adipose tissue expression of adipocytokines and Aquaporin 7

Obesity constitutes a major worldwide problem in which hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance represents adverse metabolic consequences of it. The present study was conducted to elucidate the role of raspberry ketones (RKs) in controlling body weight gain, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in male obese rats through affecting the expression of various adipocytokines. As Aquaporin-7 is co-related with the expression of various adipocytokines and has recently emerged as a modulator of adipocyte metabolism, the present study evaluated the effect of RKs on adipose tissue expression of aquaporin-7(AQP7) in high-fat (HF) diet-fed rats. Groups of male rats were assigned to normal, HF diet-fed control rats and RKs-treated (250 and 500 mg/kg) groups. RKs administration effectively abrogated hyperlipidemia and oxidative burden and enhanced insulin sensitivity. In addition, treatment with RKs ameliorated adipose tissue and liver indices and the reduced adipocyte diameters. Moreover, administration of the low dose of RKs ameliorated the expression of apelin and its receptor, and visfatin with upregulating adiponectin expression compared to HF diet control rats. However, both doses effectively downregulated leptin expression. It was obvious that both RKs doses revealed effectiveness in upregulating the AQP7 expression. The present data suggest the promising therapeutic role of RKs in HF diet-induced obesity that is likely attributable, at least in part, to upregulation of AQP7 expression.