Implementation of computer-guided navigation in surgical training

Simulation is becoming a standard means of surgical training. This paper describes the development of the haptic element of a simulation training system called Computer Assisted Surgical Trainer (CAST) III. Research is being done to show that the combination of graphical and haptic guidance may be an effective technique in achieving optimal path enumeration in a three-dimensional space. The haptic feedback system used in CAST III provides a tactile dimension of training. The implementation focuses on the design of a multi-axis control system. This implementation provides an element of a full-spectrum navigation system that trains users in optimal path enumeration given a limited perceptual environment.