Regulation of peroxisomal lipid metabolism: The role of acyl-CoA and coenzyme A metabolizing enzymes

Peroxisomes are nearly ubiquitous organelles involved in a number of metabolic pathways that vary between organisms and tissues. A common metabolic function in mammals is the partial degradation of various (di)carboxylic acids via alpha- and beta-oxidation. While only a small number of enzymes catalyze the reactions of beta-oxidation, numerous auxiliary enzymes have been identified to be involved in uptake of fatty acids and cofactors required for beta-oxidation, regulation of beta-oxidation and transport of metabolites across the membrane. These proteins include membrane transporters/channels, acyl-CoA thioesterases, acyl-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferases, carnitine acyltransferases and nudix hydrolases. Here we review the current view of the role of these auxiliary enzymes in peroxisomal lipid metabolism and propose that they function in concert to provide a means to regulate fatty acid metabolism and transport of products across the peroxisomal membrane. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.