The story of the migrant labourers who came to Vanuatu in the first half of the 20th century is not well known. This paper examines the condition of their indentured labour more closely. The paper draws on French recruiting contracts and details of the working conditions on the French-run plantations found in the rare manuscripts collection of Cornell University library, as well as materials in French including memoirs of a former migrant. it shows that the synchronic invisibility of the Tonkinese labourers is partly a reflection of the historical social isolation of the Tonkinese in Vanuatu.