Electrical Properties of Prostatic Tissues: I. Single Frequency Admittivity Properties

Purpose: Electrical properties of the prostate may provide sufficient contrast for distinguishing malignant and benign formations in the gland. We evaluated how well these electrical properties discriminate cancer from noncancer tissues in the prostate. Materials and Methods: Electrical admittivity (conductivity and permittivity) was recorded at 31 discrete frequencies of 0.1 to 100 kHz from each of 50 ex vivo human prostates. A specifically designed admittivity probe was used to gauge these electrical properties from sectioned prostate specimens. The specific tissue area probed was marked to provide precise collocalization between tissue histological assessment and recorded admittivity spectra. Results: Adenocarcinoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia, nonhyperplastic glandular tissue and stromal tissue were the primary tissue types probed. Mean cancer conductivity was significantly less than that of glandular and stromal tissues at all frequencies (p<0.05), while mean cancer permittivity was significantly greater than that of all benign tissues at 100 kHz (p<0.0001). ROC curves showed that permittivity at 100 kHz was optimal for discriminating cancer from all benign tissues. This parameter had 77% specificity at 70% sensitivity and an ROC AUC of 0.798. Conclusions: The contrast in electrical admittivity properties of different prostate tissues shows promise for distinguishing cancer from benign tissues. Sensitivity and specificity exceed those reported for current prostate specific antigen screening practices at low prostate specific antigen, making this an attractive addition to the clinical armamentarium for identifying prostate cancer.