Gastroesophageal reflux disease increases the risk of chronic rhinosinusitis: a nested case-control study using a national sample cohort

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the relations between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chronic rhinosinusitus (CRS) in a Korean population. MethodsSubjects from the Korean National Health Insurance ServiceNational Sample Cohort, all 20 years old, were assessed from 2002 to 2013. In total, 23,489 CRS participants were matched with 93,956 controls at a ratio of 1:4 with respect to age, group, sex, income group, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We analyzed previous history of GERD in the CRS and control groups. The CRS group included patients identified using International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) codes (J32) who had treated their CRS 2 times and had undergone head and neck computed tomography (CT). The GERD group included patients identified using the ICD-10 (K21) code who had treated their GERD 2 times and had taken a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for 2 weeks. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression analyses. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and sex. ResultsThe rate of GERD was higher in the CRS group (17.1% [4020 of 23,489]) than in the control group (9.1% [8522 of 93,956]; p < 0.001). The adjusted OR of GERD was 2.04 (95% CI, 1.96-2.13; p < 0.001) in the CRS group. The results of the subgroup analyses were consistent. ConclusionThe ORs of GERD were increased in CRS participants. This relationship was consistent in all age and sex groups.