Recent scenario of long non-coding RNAs as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (CaP) is a leading cause of cancer deaths in the worldwide with broad range of clinical manifestations ranging from relatively indolent to aggressive metastasis. Altered expression of many circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), known to have role in tumorigenesis and metastasis, have already been reported in CaP patients. These lncRNAs modulate CaP pathogenesis by modulating multiple genes and thus altering metabolic pathways. Sustained androgen receptor (AR) signaling is one such key feature of castration-resistant prostate cancer, a CaP stage that has unmet need of accurate diagnostic and prognostic tools, that is affected by lncRNAs. In this review, we have discussed the emerging functions and associations of AR lncRNAs in CaP and highlighted their potential implications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Further, extensive literature analysis in this article indicates that there is an immediate unmet need in the translational approach toward the hitherto identified AR lncRNAs. The characterization of AR lncRNAs involved in CaP is not exhaustive and adequate validation studies are still required to corroborate the present results that would be the impending future of basic research setting into clinical practice. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.