Oestrogens as apoptosis regulators in mammalian testis: angels or devils?

被引:28
作者
Correia, Sara [1 ]
Cardoso, Henrique J. [1 ]
Cavaco, Jose E. [1 ]
Socorro, Silvia [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Beira Interior, CICS UBI, Hlth Sci Res Ctr, P-6200506 Covilha, Portugal
来源
EXPERT REVIEWS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE | 2015年 / 17卷
关键词
GERM-CELL APOPTOSIS; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; HIGH INTRATESTICULAR ESTROGEN; RECEPTOR-ALPHA GENE; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR; C-KIT; SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SERTOLI-CELLS;
D O I
10.1017/erm.2014.25
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
In the mammalian testis, spermatogenesis is a highly coordinated process of germ cell development, which ends with the release of 'mature' spermatozoa. The fine regulation of spermatogenesis is strictly dependent on sex steroid hormones, which orchestrate the cellular and molecular events underlying normal development of germ cells. Sex steroids actions also rely on the control of germ cell survival, and the programmed cell death by apoptosis has been indicated as a critical process in regulating the size and quality of the germ line. Recently, oestrogens have emerged as important regulators of germ cell fate. However, the beneficial or detrimental effects of oestrogens in spermatogenesis are controversial, with independent reports arguing for their role as cell survival factors or as apoptosis-inducers. The dual behaviour of oestrogens, shifting from 'angels to devils' is supported by the clinical findings of increased oestrogens levels in serum and intratesticular milieu of idiopathic infertile men. This review aims to discuss the available information concerning the role of oestrogens in the control of germ cell death and summarises the signalling mechanisms driven oestrogen-induced apoptosis. The present data represent a valuable basis for the clinical management of hyperoestrogenism-related infertility and provide a rationale for the use of oestrogen-target therapies in male infertility.
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页数:18
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