The Effect of Music Therapy, Hand Massage, and Kaleidoscope Usage on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, Pain, Fear, and Stress in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of music therapy, hand massage, and kaleidoscope usage on nausea and vomiting, pain, fear, and stress in 7-year-old to 11-year-old children after circumcision. Design: This study was a prospective and randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study was conducted at the pediatric surgery unit in a hospital in Turkey. The children were assigned to four groups through randomization performed using a computer program: group 1 was the control group with children who received no intervention; group 2 received hand massage; group 3 were distracted using kaleidoscope; and group 4 received music therapy. Findings: There was a significant difference between the postoperative pain scores of the children in the intervention and control groups after the intervention (P < .05). This difference was found to be caused by the music therapy and kaleidoscope methods. There was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups' postoperative fear and anxiety levels in favor of the kaleidoscope group after the intervention (P > .05). But, no significant difference was found between the groups for the children's postoperative vomiting and nausea levels after the intervention (P .05). Conclusions: Distraction with music therapy and kaleidoscope is recommended for use in the postoperative period in children with circumcision to reduce the severity of their pain, fear, and anxiety. (c) 2020 Published by Elsevier, Inc. on behalf of American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. All rights reserved.