ADVANCING SCIENCE AND SERVICES DURING THE 2015/16 EL NINO The NOAA El Nino Rapid Response Field Campaign

被引：20

作者：

Dole, Randall M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Spackman, J. Ryan ^{[1
,3
,13
]}

Newman, Matthew ^{[1
,2
]}

Compo, Gilbert P. ^{[1
,2
]}

Smith, Catherine A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Hartten, Leslie M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Barsugli, Joseph J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Webb, Robert S. ^{[1
]}

Hoerling, Martin P. ^{[1
]}

Cifelli, Robert ^{[1
]}

Wolter, Klaus ^{[1
,2
]}

Barnet, Christopher D. ^{[4
]}

Gehne, Maria ^{[1
,2
]}

Gelaro, Ronald ^{[5
]}

Kiladis, Georgrge N. ^{[1
]}

Abbott, Scott ^{[1
]}

Akish, Elena ^{[1
,3
]}

Albers, John ^{[1
,2
]}

Brown, John M. ^{[6
]}

Cox, Christopher J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Darby, Lisa ^{[1
]}

de Boer, Gijsjs ^{[1
,2
]}

DeLuisi, Barbara ^{[1
]}

Dias, Juliana ^{[1
,2
]}

Dunion, Jason ^{[7
,8
]}

Eischeid, Jon ^{[1
,2
]}

Fairall, Christopher ^{[1
]}

Gambacorta, Antonia ^{[4
]}

Gorton, Brian K. ^{[1
]}

Hoell, Andrew ^{[1
]}

Intrieri, Janet ^{[1
]}

Jackson, Darrrren ^{[1
,2
]}

Johnston, Paul E.

Lataitis, Richard ^{[1
]}

Mahoney, Kelly M. ^{[1
]}

McCaffrey, Katherine ^{[1
,2
]}

McColl, H. Alex ^{[2
]}

Mueller, Michael J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Murrrray, Donald ^{[1
,2
]}

Neiman, Paul J. ^{[1
]}

Otto, William ^{[1
]}

Perssrssrsson, Ola ^{[1
,2
]}

Quan, Xiao-Wei ^{[1
,2
]}

Rangwala, Imtiaz ^{[1
,2
]}

Ray, Andrea J. ^{[1
]}

Reynolds, David ^{[1
,2
]}

Dellaripa, Emily Riley ^{[9
]}

Rosenlof, Karen ^{[10
]}

Sakaeda, Naoko ^{[1
,2
]}

Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] NOAA, ESRL, Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA

[2] CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[3] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA

[4] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD USA

[5] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[6] NOAA, ESRL, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA

[7] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA

[8] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA

[9] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO USA

[10] NOAA, ESRL, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA

[11] NOAA, NVis Solut Diamond, Pascagoula, MS USA

[12] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, Pascagoula, MS USA

[13] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA

来源：

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | 2018年 / 99卷 / 05期

关键词：

NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; NORTH PACIFIC; ENSO; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; ANOMALIES; RAINFALL; TELECONNECTIONS;

D O I：

10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0219.1

中图分类号：

P4 [大气科学（气象学）];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070601 ;

摘要：

Forecasts by mid-2015 for a strong El Nino during winter 2015/16 presented an exceptional scientific opportunity to accelerate advances in understanding and predictions of an extreme climate event and its impacts while the event was ongoing. Seizing this opportunity, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) initiated an El Nino Rapid Response (ENRR), conducting the first field campaign to obtain intensive atmospheric observations over the tropical Pacific during El Nino.The overarching ENRR goal was to determine the atmospheric response to El Nino and the implications for predicting extratropical storms and U.S. West Coast rainfall. The field campaign observations extended from the central tropical Pacific to the West Coast, with a primary focus on the initial tropical atmospheric response that links El Nino to its global impacts. NOAA deployed its Gulfstream-IV (G-IV) aircraft to obtain observations around organized tropical convection and poleward convective outflow near the heart of El Nino. Additional tropical Pacific observations were obtained by radiosondes launched from Kiritimati , Kiribati, and the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown, and in the eastern North Pacific by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Global Hawk unmanned aerial system. These observations were all transmitted in real time for use in operational prediction models. An X-band radar installed in Santa Clara, California, helped characterize precipitation distributions. This suite supported an end-to-end capability extending from tropical Pacific processes to West Coast impacts. The ENRR observations were used during the event in operational predictions. They now provide an unprecedented dataset for further research to improve understanding and predictions of El Nino and its impacts.

引用

页码：975 / 1002

页数：28

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