Environmental and geographical factors contributing to watershed contamination with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

被引:65
作者
Graczyk, TK [1 ]
Evans, BM
Shiff, CJ
Karreman, HJ
Patz, JA
机构
[1] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[2] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[3] Penn State Univ, Environm Resources Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[4] Gap Vet Associates Inc, Gap, PA 17527 USA
关键词
watershed; Cryptosporidium parvum; cattle farms; waterborne oocysts; contamination;
D O I
10.1006/enrs.1999.4022
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Cryptosporidium parvum is a waterborne parasite which infects cattle and produces life-threatening zoonosis in people with impaired immune systems. Digital maps of 100-year floodplain boundaries, land use/cover, and livestock operations were used to select and characterize cattle farms in the floodplain area in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Over 21% of the cattle farms were located within 100-year floodplain boundaries. On average, a single farm comprised 12.8 ha of pasture (including buildings and farmyard) at risk of inundation. In all farms cattle had unlimited access to the creek. Manure samples collected from closed-in calf pens, cow/heifer yard runoff, and cattle paths through the creek were tested for C. parvum. On 64% of the farms (n = 50) at least one sample was positive for C. parvum, and 44% of the farms had oocysts in all manure samples. Concentration varied from 90 to 371 oocysts/g and was significantly higher (P<0.02) in calf samples than in manure from cow and cow/heifer. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
引用
收藏
页码:263 / 271
页数:9
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