Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tourette Syndrome Prevalence; 1986 to 2022

Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disorder characterized by a history of multiple motor tics and the emergence of at least one vocal tic during a period of the disorder. The current investigation sought to clarify the prevalence statistics for TS using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis covered the period between 1986 and 2022. Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to locate articles pertinent to the study topic. The I2 index was used to examine the heterogeneity of the studies, and a comprehensive meta-analysis was employed to analyze the data. Results: Ultimately, 30 studies (39 outcomes) were included in the meta-analysis and systematic review. The results showed the global prevalence of TS to be 0.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3% to 0.8%), with the highest rate of spread observed in the Americas at 0.6% (95% CI, 0.2% to 1.6 %). Analyzing the subgroups of the sample revealed that the highest prevalence was associated with the population of children and adolescents at 0.7% (95% CI, 0.4% to 1.4%) and males at 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2% to 1.0%). Conclusions: This comprehensive review and meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of TS world-wide is sufficiently high, such that attention of medical specialists and health policy makers is warranted. (C) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.