Spatial analysis of transportation-related social exclusion in the Lisbon metropolitan area

Social exclusion (SE) is a multi-faceted issue that is often conflated with economic poverty, but the poor are not always excluded, and the rich can also be excluded. In addition to the more commonly acknowledged socio-demographic and socioeconomic dimensions, SE has temporal and contextual components that are especially relevant to daily mobility patterns. The goal was to identify socially excluded individuals and any potential areas of the Lisbon metropolitan area where accessibility and mobility restrictions could potentially exacerbate the issue. A cluster analysis to identify population segments with common accessibility patterns was performed using information from the latest mobility survey. In addition to this, the complexity of average daily hip chains was characterized in order to better understand the relationship between the identified clusters and their social and economic activity (under the assumption that more complex trip chains are correlated with more intense social and economic activity). Finally, within-neighborhood variability of certain relevant mobility variables was explored by computing bivariate local indicators of spatial association (LISA) to identify areas with individuals at-risk for SE. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.