Synergistic effects of nanoparticles and surfactants on n-decane-water interfacial tension and bulk foam stability at high temperature

The synergistic effects of nanoparticles and surfactants on decane-water interfacial tension, and bulk foam stability at high temperature was investigated in this study. The interfacial properties were determined using a spinning drop interfacial tensiometer while the foam stability was evaluated from the normalized foam height. The extent of interaction between nanoparticles and surfactants was estimated from the hydrodynamic nano-aggregate sizes and zeta potential values. The foam microscopic images and the bubble morphology were examined to elucidate the mechanisms of foam stabilization by nanoparticles. Results clearly showed that nano-particles-Triton X-100 mixed system demonstrated the smallest aggregate sizes in bulk solution and considerable reduction in water/n-decane interfacial tension. Significant reduction in interfacial tension and increased foam stability occurred due to electrostatic interaction between the charged surfaces of the nanoparticles and surfactant head-groups. However, influence of electrostatic attraction was found to be dominant over the influence of electrostatic repulsion in promoting foam stability and reducing interfacial tension. The most stable foam was generated by titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and cetyltrimethylammonium, bromide (CTAB), while the least stable foam was generated in presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and triton X-100. Possible reasons and mechanisms for these observations were suggested. The destabilizing influence of high temperature on foam stability was significant, however, CTAB-foam stability increased by 160% and 440% in presence of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and TiO(2 )nanoparticles at 80 degrees C. This phenomenon can be attributed to the moderate adsorption and aggregation of surface-active complex at the gas-liquid interface of the foam and Plateau borders.