Comparative Evaluation of Root Canal Configuration and Root Canal Curvatures of Mandibular Premolars in South Indian Population - A CBCT Based Analysis

Several studies have stated the root canal morphology of premolars to be unique. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the root canal configuration and curvatures of mandibular premolars using Cone beam computed tomography amongst genders. This would enable us to understand the morphology and reduce the chances of failure of root canal treatments. 25 CBCT images (100 teeth) including those of mandibular premolars of 12 male (48 teeth) and 13 female (52 teeth) patients were selected. The images were observed with Galileos Viewer Sirona 3D. The images were used to evaluate the number of roots and root canals, root canal morphology according to Vertucci's classification and the direction of root apex curvature. According to this study, Type I Vertucci canal configuration was most prevalent in both mandibular premolars. Distal canal curvature was more in males and distal and lingual curvatures were found to be more in females in mandibular first premolars. Distal canal curvature was found to be more across both the genders while labial canal curvature was absent in both genders in mandibular second premolars. There was no significant association between men and women in root canal configurations or root canal curvatures (p>0.05).Identification of root canal morphology of complex mandibular premolars would reduce the chances of root canal failures by making sure all canals are obturated. Identification of direction of root canal curvature is essential to pre-curve the files prior to negotiation of canals to prevent perforation. The most prevalent root canal type in both premolars was Type I Vertucci and the most prevalent root canal curvature was distal