Comparison of open and laparoscopic preperitoneal repair of groin hernia

Compared with laparoscopic groin herniorrhaphy, the open procedure used in most former studies was Lichtenstein repair. However, unlike the totally extraperitoneal (TEP) or transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic techniques, Lichtenstein procedure is a premuscular but not preperitoneal repair. This retrospective study compared the outcomes between laparoscopic preperitoneal and open preperitoneal procedure-modified Kugel (MK) herniorrhaphy. Groin hernia patients older than 18 years who underwent open MK or laparoscopic preperitoneal herniorrhaphy in our hospitals between January 2008 and December 2010 were enrolled. Baseline characteristics, recurrence, and intraoperative, short-term, and long-term postoperative complications were recorded. Among the 1,760 included patients (530 open and 1,230 laparoscopic), 96.08 % completed the follow-up (24-60 months). The patients in the open group were older than laparoscopic group (p < 0.001). More bilateral (91.45 %) and recurrent (82.12 %) hernia patients underwent laparoscopic procedures (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). The overall recurrence rate was 0.71 %, with no significant difference between the two approaches (p = 0.227). The overall complication rate was lower for the laparoscopic than the open approach (14.47 vs. 19.25 %, p = 0.012), whereas the rates of life-threatening complications were similar (1.51 vs. 0.98 %, p = 0.332). The laparoscopic group had significantly lower incidence rates of wound infection and chronic pain (p = 0.016 and p < 0.001, respectively), shorter operative time, lower visual analogue scale scores, and faster recovery than the open group (p < 0.001). As preperitoneal herniorrhaphy, both MK and laparoscopic (TEP/TAPP) procedures are safe and effective, with low incidence rates of life-threatening complications and recurrence. The laparoscopic approach is superior in terms of lower incidence rates of infection and chronic pain, shorter operative time, and faster recovery; however, careful surgical procedure selection and implementation of technical details are required.