Exposure to tobacco smoke based on urinary cotinine levels among Israeli smoking and nonsmoking adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the first Israeli human biomonitoring study

被引:26
作者
Levine, Hagai [1 ,2 ]
Berman, Tamar [3 ]
Goldsmith, Rebecca [3 ]
Goeen, Thomas [4 ]
Spungen, Judith [3 ]
Novack, Lena [5 ]
Amitai, Yona [6 ]
Shohat, Tamy [7 ,8 ]
Grotto, Itamar [3 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Fac Med, Braun Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Jerusalem, Israel
[2] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Ctr Excellence Agr & Environm Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel
[3] Minist Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv, Jerusalem, Israel
[4] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst & Outpatient Clin Occupat Social & Environm, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
[5] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Beer Sheva, Israel
[6] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Management, Ramat Gan, Israel
[7] Minist Hlth, Israel Ctr Dis Control, Tel Hashomer, Israel
[8] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
关键词
Epidemiology; Public health; Secondhand smoke; Exposure; Environmental tobacco smoke; Human Biomonitoring; Urinary cotinine; SECONDHAND SMOKE; PLASMA COTININE; NICOTINE; METABOLITES; TRENDS; BARS; PUBS;
D O I
10.1186/1471-2458-13-1241
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Background: Cotinine levels provide a valid measure of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The goal of this study was to examine exposure to tobacco smoke among smoking and nonsmoking Israeli adults and to identify differences in ETS exposure among nonsmokers by socio-demographic factors. Methods: We analyzed urinary cotinine data from the first Israeli human biomonitoring study conducted in 2011. In-person questionnaires included data on socio-demographic and active smoking status. Cotinine levels were measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure. We calculated creatinine-adjusted urinary cotinine geometric means (GM) among smokers and nonsmokers, and by socio-demographic, smoking habits and dietary factors. We analyzed associations, in a univariable and multivariable analysis, between socio-demographic variables and proportions of urinary cotinine >= 1 mu g/l (Limit of Quantification = LOQ) or >= 4 mu g/l. Results: Cotinine levels were significantly higher among 91 smokers (GM = 89.7 mu g/g creatinine; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 47.4-169.6) than among 148 nonsmokers (GM = 1.3; 1.1-1.7). Among exclusive waterpipe smokers, cotinine levels were relatively high (GM = 53.4; 95% CI 12.3-232.7). ETS exposure was widespread as 62.2% of nonsmokers had levels >= LOQ, and was higher in males (75.8%) than in females (52.3%). In a multivariable model, urinary cotinine >= LOQ was higher in males (Prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02-1.64, p = 0.032) and in those with lower educational status (PR = 1.58; 1.04-2.38, p = 0.031) and decreased with age (PR = 0.99; 0.98-1.00, p = 0.020, per one additional year). There were no significant differences by ethnicity, residence type or country of birth. Conclusions: Our findings indicate widespread ETS exposure in the nonsmoking Israeli adult population, especially among males, and younger and less educated participants. These findings demonstrate the importance of human biomonitoring, were instrumental in expanding smoke-free legislation implemented in Israel on July 2012 and will serve as a baseline to measure the impact of the new legislation.
引用
收藏
页数:9
相关论文
共 37 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], MIN HLTH REP SMOK IS
[2]  
[Anonymous], 2006, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General
[3]  
[Anonymous], REP HUM BIOM ENV CHE
[4]  
[Anonymous], 1986, HLTH CONS INV SMOK R
[5]  
[Anonymous], CENTR BUR STAT SOC S
[6]  
[Anonymous], CHEST
[7]  
[Anonymous], 2009, 4 CDCP
[8]  
[Anonymous], PUBL ANN NEW SMOK LE
[9]   Cardiovascular effects of secondhand smoke - Nearly as large as smoking [J].
Barnoya, J ;
Glantz, SA .
CIRCULATION, 2005, 111 (20) :2684-2698
[10]   Challenges for the smoking ban in Israeli pubs and bars: analysis guided by the behavioral ecological model [J].
Baron-Epel, Orna ;
Satran, Carmit ;
Cohen, Vicki ;
Drach-Zehavi, Anat ;
Hovell, Melbourne F. .
ISRAEL JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLICY RESEARCH, 2012, 1