What Does It Mean to be Biased: Motivated Reasoning and Rationality

被引：93

作者：

Hahn, Ulrike ^{[1
]}

Harris, Adam J. L. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ London, Dept Psychol Sci, London, England

[2] UCL, Dept Cognit Perceptual & Brain Sci, London, England

来源：

PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION, VOL 61 | 2014年 / 61卷

关键词：

BASE-RATE FALLACY; UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM; SUBJECTIVE-PROBABILITY; AUTOMATIC OPTIMISM; OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION; SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS; ENUMERATIVE BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; WISHFUL THINKING; EVENT FREQUENCY;

D O I：

10.1016/B978-0-12-800283-4.00002-2

中图分类号：

B84 [心理学];

学科分类号：

04 ; 0402 ;

摘要：

In this chapter, we provide a historical overview of research on bias in human cognition, ranging from early work in psychology through the detailed, quantitative examinations of belief revision in the 1960s, the Heuristic and Biases program initiated by Kahneman and Tversky, and bias focused research in personality and social psychology. Different notions of "bias" are identified and compared with the notion of bias in statistics, machine learning, and signal detection theory. Comparison with normative models then forms the basis for a critical look at the evidence that people succumb to motivated reasoning aimed at enabling them "to believe what they want to believe."

引用

页码：41 / 102

页数：62

共 224 条

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