CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED as predictors of outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Introduction: CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores are used to estimate thromboembolic risk in atrial fibrillation (AF). HAS-BLED is recommended for bleeding risk prediction. Their value in predicting the outcome of AF patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown. Thus, our aim was to assess whether these simple risk scores are useful in predicting outcome in these patients. Materials and Methods: AFCAS is an observational, multicenter, prospective registry including patients (n = 929) with AF referred for PCI. Primary study endpoints were 1) all cause mortality; 2) major adverse events (all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, stent thrombosis, transient ischemic attack, stroke or other arterial thromboembolism; MACCE); and 3) bleeding at 12 months follow-up. CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores and a modified HAS-BLED (mHAS-BLED) score (omitting labile INR and liver function) were calculated. Results: Patients were distributed as follows: CHADS(2) low 29.5%, intermediate 55.2%, high 15.3%; CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc low 9.6%, intermediate 46.0%, high 44.5%. A high CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score was predictive of all-cause mortality (p = 0.02), whereas CHADS(2) was not. High CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score predicted MACCE (HR 2.24, 95%CI 1.21-4.17, p = 0.01), as did a high CHADS(2) score (HR 1.60, 95%CI 1.05-2.45, p = 0.029). Their predictive performance was only modest (C indexes 0.56-0.57). CHADS(2) or CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores were not associated with bleeding. High mHAS-BLED scores (>= 3) were not associated with any of the study outcomes. Conclusions: High CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score was the best predictor of thrombotic outcomes after PCI in a high risk AF population. High mHAS-BLED score was not predictive of bleeding events. More accurate, simple risk scores are needed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.