Simulated flooding and drought effects on germination, growth, and yield parameters of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

The effects of drought on germination of sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) also known as benniseed were simulated in the laboratory using varying concentrations of sodium chloride, glucose and polyethylene glycol at 0-0.50 MPa water potential. Higher osmotic conditions (0.25 - 0.50 MPa) significantly reduced the percentage germination, radical and shoot development. The ability of the three chemicals to reduce germination and seedling development in sesame was of the order: polyethylene glycol < glucose < sodium chloride. Different irrigation regimes of water were used to induce flooding and drought effects on plants cultivated in pots in a green house. Both flooding and drought resulted in stunted growth, reduced dry matter, number of leaves per plant and seed yield per plant. Prolonged flooding reduced maturity time, and induced chlorosis and floral abortion. The growth and seed yield of sesame are adversely affected by continuous flooding and severe drought.