Does personal freedom influence outbound tourism?

被引：48

作者：

Gholipour, Hassan Fereidouni ^{[1
]}

Tajaddini, Reza ^{[2
]}

Al-mulali, Usama ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Teknol Malaysia, Johor Baharu, Malaysia

[2] Swinburne Univ Technol, Fac Business & Enterprise, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

来源：

TOURISM MANAGEMENT | 2014年 / 41卷

关键词：

Outbound tourism; Personal freedom; Scarcity theory; Panel data; PANEL-DATA; DEMAND; SCARCITY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.tourman.2013.08.010

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of personal freedom in a country on outbound tourism after controlling for other relevant outbound tourism determinants. Using a panel of 80 countries over a period of 13 years (1999-2011) and applying panel fixed-effects and generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques, our results reveal that a lower level of personal freedom in a country increases outbound tourism. These results are more robust for developing countries. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：19 / 25

页数：7

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