Does personal freedom influence outbound tourism?

被引:47
作者
Gholipour, Hassan Fereidouni [1 ]
Tajaddini, Reza [2 ]
Al-mulali, Usama [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Teknol Malaysia, Johor Baharu, Malaysia
[2] Swinburne Univ Technol, Fac Business & Enterprise, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
关键词
Outbound tourism; Personal freedom; Scarcity theory; Panel data; PANEL-DATA; DEMAND; SCARCITY;
D O I
10.1016/j.tourman.2013.08.010
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of personal freedom in a country on outbound tourism after controlling for other relevant outbound tourism determinants. Using a panel of 80 countries over a period of 13 years (1999-2011) and applying panel fixed-effects and generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques, our results reveal that a lower level of personal freedom in a country increases outbound tourism. These results are more robust for developing countries. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:19 / 25
页数:7
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