Nutrients cause grassland biomass to outpace herbivory

被引：58

作者：

Borer, E. T. ^{[1
]}

Harpole, W. S. ^{[2
,3
,4
]}

Adler, P. B. ^{[5
,6
]}

Arnillas, C. A. ^{[7
]}

Bugalho, M. N. ^{[8
]}

Cadotte, M. W. ^{[9
]}

Caldeira, M. C. ^{[10
]}

Campana, S. ^{[11
]}

Dickman, C. R. ^{[12
]}

Dickson, T. L. ^{[13
]}

Donohue, I. ^{[14
]}

Eskelinen, A. ^{[2
,3
,15
]}

Firn, J. L. ^{[16
]}

Graff, P. ^{[11
]}

Gruner, D. S. ^{[17
]}

Heckman, R. W. ^{[18
,19
]}

Koltz, A. M. ^{[20
]}

Komatsu, K. J. ^{[21
]}

Lannes, L. S. ^{[22
]}

MacDougall, A. S. ^{[23
]}

Martina, J. P. ^{[24
]}

Moore, J. L. ^{[25
]}

Mortensen, B. ^{[26
]}

Ochoa-Hueso, R. ^{[27
]}

Venterink, H. Olde ^{[28
]}

Power, S. A. ^{[29
]}

Price, J. N. ^{[30
]}

Risch, A. C. ^{[31
]}

Sankaran, M. ^{[32
,33
]}

Schuetz, M. ^{[34
]}

Sitters, J. ^{[28
]}

Stevens, C. J. ^{[34
]}

Virtanen, R. ^{[15
]}

Wilfahrt, P. A. ^{[1
,35
]}

Seabloom, E. W. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA

[2] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Physiol Div, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany

[3] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Deutsch Pl 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany

[4] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Kirchtor 1, Halle, Saale, Germany

[5] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA

[6] Utah State Univ, Ecol Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA

[7] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada

[8] Univ Lisbon, Sch Agr, Ctr Appl Ecol CEABN InBIO, Lisbon, Portugal

[9] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Biol Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada

[10] Univ Lisbon, Sch Agr, Forest Res Ctr, Lisbon, Portugal

[11] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, IFEVA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[12] Univ Sydney, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[13] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA

[14] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Zool, Dublin, Ireland

[15] Univ Oulu, Dept Ecol & Genet, Oulu, Finland

[16] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Earth Environm & Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

[17] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[18] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA

[19] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA

[20] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA

[21] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA

[22] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Biol & Anim Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil

[23] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada

[24] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX USA

[25] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton Campus, Clayton, Vic, Australia

[26] Benedictine Coll, Dept Biol, Atchison, KS 66002 USA

[27] Univ Cadiz, Dept Biol, IVAGRO, Cadiz, Spain

[28] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Biol, Brussels, Belgium

[29] Western Sydney Univ, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Richmond, NSW, Australia

[30] Charles Sturt Univ, Inst Land Water & Soc, Albury, NSW, Australia

[31] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

[32] Natl Ctr Biol Sci, TIFR, Bengaluru, India

[33] Univ Leeds, Sch Biol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England

[34] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England

[35] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Disturbance Ecol, Bayreuth, Germany

来源：

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 2020年 / 11卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; RESOURCE CONTROL; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PLANT-RESPONSES; SOIL FERTILITY; TOP-DOWN; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY;

D O I：

10.1038/s41467-020-19870-y

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Human activities are transforming grassland biomass via changing climate, elemental nutrients, and herbivory. Theory predicts that food-limited herbivores will consume any additional biomass stimulated by nutrient inputs ('consumer-controlled'). Alternatively, nutrient supply is predicted to increase biomass where herbivores alter community composition or are limited by factors other than food ('resource-controlled'). Using an experiment replicated in 58 grasslands spanning six continents, we show that nutrient addition and vertebrate herbivore exclusion each caused sustained increases in aboveground live biomass over a decade, but consumer control was weak. However, at sites with high vertebrate grazing intensity or domestic livestock, herbivores consumed the additional fertilization-induced biomass, supporting the consumer-controlled prediction. Herbivores most effectively reduced the additional live biomass at sites with low precipitation or high ambient soil nitrogen. Overall, these experimental results suggest that grassland biomass will outstrip wild herbivore control as human activities increase elemental nutrient supply, with widespread consequences for grazing and fire risk.

引用

页数：8

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