Phenotypic effects of antibiotic-induced axenity and egg disinfection in early larval European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)

In the present study, the hypothesis that the difference in axenic conditions in the incubation and rearing environment of European seabass larvae induces size and shape effects on the specimens is tested. This difference is studied between xenic and axenic seabass larvae of DAH (day after hatching) 0, 5, 11 and 15. The axenic rearing protocol involves an egg disinfection with glutaraldehyde after the primary one with iodine in the hatchery, and the hypothesis that this secondary disinfection induces size and shape effects is also tested. In order to accomplish this, three egg and larvae treatments are included: DA (disinfected axenic), DX (disinfected xenic) and NX (nondisinfected xenic). Regarding the effect of antibiotic-induced axenity, DA larvae exhibited larger bodies than both DX and NX on DAH 5 and 11. They also had a smaller yolk sac than DX at hatching, but consumed it slower. Towards the end of the experiment, DA larvae were thicker, but slightly more curved than DX and NX, which may be an abnormal shape, or a slightly more advanced ontogenetic stage. As far as egg disinfection, it had significant but very moderate shape effects on DAH 5 and 11, and disinfected larvae consumed their yolk sac faster. To the best of our knowledge, this study is one of the first to illustrate the subtle but significant size and shape effects caused by antibiotic-induced axenity and secondary egg disinfection in the early larval stages, which suggest the existence of bacterial mechanisms that play a phenotypic role.