Effect of Total Mesorectal Excision on the Outcome of Rectal Cancer after Standardized Postoperative Radiochemotherapy Do Randomized Studies Translate into Clinical Routine?

Purpose: To compare Local control, disease-free survival and overall survival after postoperative radiochemotherapy with or without total mesorectal excision (TME) in a retrospective analysis. Patients and Methods: Between 1993 and 2002, 103 patients with UICC stage II and III rectal cancer were treated by surgery and postoperative chemoradiation. Group B (n = 50; 1993-1998) were operated before TME era without using TME and group A (n = 53; 1998-2002) with TME; both groups received identical radiochemotherapy to a total dose of 50.4 Gy (median) and two courses of continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion. Results: Patients in group A (TME) showed a significant improvement in 5-year disease-free survival (71.1%; 46.8%) and freedom from distant metastases (76.3%; 46.9%) and a marked improvement of local control (85.2%; 62.5%). Acute and late toxicity were significantly Less frequent in group A. Conclusion: Radiochemotherapy cannot compensate an insufficient surgical procedure. These data confirm that TME is the standard. High outcome quality can be achieved in daily practice compared to results of randomized studies without patient selection.