Proton release of two genotypes of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as affected by N nutrition and P deficiency

The study compared the release of protons by two genotypes (BAT477 and DOR364) of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) relying on various sources of N (urea, nitrate and N-2 fixation), at two levels of P supply: 1 muM (or 0 for urea-fed plants) and 25 muM. The plants grown at low P showed reduced growth and P concentration in tissues. The proton release was assessed at two levels: (i) at the whole plant level using pH-stat system in hydroponic culture; (ii) at the level of single roots by the combined use of agarose gel-dye indicator and videodensitometry measurements which provided information on the spatial variation of proton release along root axes. The pH-stat measurements showed that urea resulted in the greatest proton release while nitrate led to net hydroxyl release. Moreover, decreased proton release was observed at night for plants relying on urea and N-2 fixation, while no diurnal pattern occurred for plants relying on nitrate. Phophorus deficiency increased proton release in urea-fed plants and decreased hydroxyl release in nitrate-fed plants. Conversely, N-2-fixing plants showed an opposite behaviour, i.e. lower proton release at low than high P supply. Less effect of P supply on proton/hydroxyl release was found at the level of single root tips (videodensitometry experiment) in N-2-fixing plants. Little genotypic difference in proton release was found although BAT477 showed a greater ability to respond to P deficiency than DOR364 when relying on urea or nitrate. Proton release of N-2-fixing plants was greater in BAT477 than in DOR364, both at the whole plant and single root levels.