Imperfect Replacement of Native Species by Non-Native Species as Pollinators of Endemic Hawaiian Plants

被引:47
作者
Aslan, Clare E. [1 ,2 ]
Zavaleta, Erika S. [1 ]
Tershy, Bernie [3 ]
Croll, Don [3 ]
Robichaux, Robert H. [4 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
[2] Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, Conservat Educ & Sci Dept, Tucson, AZ 85743 USA
[3] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
[4] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
[5] Hawaiian Silversword Fdn, Volcano, HI 96785 USA
关键词
biological invasions; Clermontia; mutualism disruption; novel mutualism; pollinator loss; Zosterops japonicus; disrupcion del mutualismo; invasiones biologicas; mutualismo novel; perdida de polinizadores; JAPANESE WHITE-EYES; SEED DISPERSAL; EXTINCTION; BIRDS; AVIFAUNA; FLOWERS; MUTUALISMS; LOBELIAD; PATTERNS; ISLAND;
D O I
10.1111/cobi.12193
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Native plant species that have lost their mutualist partners may require non-native pollinators or seed dispersers to maintain reproduction. When natives are highly specialized, however, it appears doubtful that introduced generalists will partner effectively with them. We used visitation observations and pollination treatments (experimental manipulations of pollen transfer) to examine relationships between the introduced, generalist Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus) and 3 endemic Hawaiian plant species (Clermontia parviflora, C. montis-loa, and C. hawaiiensis). These plants are characterized by curved, tubular flowers, apparently adapted for pollination by curve-billed Hawaiian honeycreepers. Z. japonicus were responsible for over 80% of visits to flowers of the small-flowered C. parviflora and the midsize-flowered C. montis-loa. Z. japonicus-visited flowers set significantly more seed than did bagged flowers. Z. japonicus also demonstrated the potential to act as an occasional Clermontia seed disperser, although ground-based frugivory by non-native mammals likely dominates seed dispersal. The large-flowered C. hawaiiensis received no visitation by any birds during observations. Unmanipulated and bagged C. hawaiiensis flowers set similar numbers of seeds. Direct examination of Z. japonicus and Clermontia morphologies suggests a mismatch between Z. japonicus bill morphology and C. hawaiiensis flower morphology. In combination, our results suggest that Z. japonicus has established an effective pollination relationship with C. parviflora and C. montis-loa and that the large flowers of C. hawaiiensis preclude effective visitation by Z. japonicus. Remplazo Imperfecto de Especies Nativas por Especies No-Nativas como Polinizadores de Plantas Endemicas de Hawaii Resumen Las especies nativas de plantas que han perdido a sus companeros mutualistas pueden requerir de polinizadores no-nativos o dispersores de semillas para mantener su reproduccion. Sin embargo cuando las especies nativas estan altamente especializadas, parece dudoso que especies generalistas introducidas se acoplaran efectivamente con ellas. Usamos observaciones de visita y tratamientos de polinizacion (manipulaciones experimentales de transferencia de polen) para examinar las relaciones entre la introducida y generalista Zosterops japonicus y tres especies de plantas endemicas de Hawaii (Clermontia parviflora, C. montis-loa y C. hawaiiensis). Estas plantas se caracterizan por sus flores curveadas y tubulares, adaptadas aparentemente a la polinizacion por mieleros hawaianos de pico curvo. Zosterops japonicus fue responsable de mas del 80% de visitas a flores de C. parviflora, de flores pequenas, y de C. montis-loa, de flores mediadas. Las flores visitadas por Zosterops japonicus establecieron significativamente mas semillas que aquellas flores embolsadas. Zosterops japonicus tambien demostro el potencial para fungir como dispersor ocasional de semillas de Clermontia, aunque la frugivoria terrestre de mamiferos no-nativos probablemente domine la dispersion de semillas. C. hawaiiensis, de flores grandes, no fue visitada por aves durante las observaciones. Ejemplares de C. hawaiiensis sin manipular y embolsadas establecieron un numero similar de semillas. La examinacion directa de las morfologias de Z. japonicus y Clermontia sugieren un desajuste entre la morfologia del pico de Z. japonicus y la morfologia floral de C. hawaiiensis. Combinados, nuestros resultados sugieren que Z. japonicus ha establecido una relacion efectiva de polinizacion con C. parviflora y C. montis-loa y que las flores grandes de C. hawaiiensis evitan las visitas efectivas de Z. japonicus.
引用
收藏
页码:478 / 488
页数:11
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