Review of liquid metal corrosion issues for potential containment materials for liquid lead and lead-bismuth eutectic spallation targets as a neutron source

被引:69
作者
Park, JJ
Butt, DP
Beard, CA
机构
[1] Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
[2] Ceramatec Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA
[3] Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1016/S0029-5493(99)00303-9
中图分类号
TL [原子能技术]; O571 [原子核物理学];
学科分类号
0827 ; 082701 ;
摘要
Lead (Pb) and lead-bismuth eutectic (44Pb-56Bi) have been the two primary candidate liquid metal target materials for the production of spallation neutrons. Selection of a container material for the liquid metal target will greatly affect the lifetime and safety of the target subsystem. For the liquid lead target, niobium-1 wt% zirconium (Nb-1Zr) is a candidate containment material for liquid lead, but its poor oxidation resistance has been a major concern. In this paper, the oxidation rate of Nb-1Zr was studied based on the calculations of thickness loss resulting from oxidation. According to these calculations, it appeared that uncoated Nb-1Zr may be used for a i-year operation at 900 degrees C at P-O2 =1 x 10(-6) Torr, but the same material may not be used in argon with 5-ppm oxygen. Coating technologies to reduce the oxidation of Nb-1Zr are reviewed, as are other candidate refractory metals such as molybdenum, tantalum, and tungsten. For the liquid lead-bismuth eutectic target, three candidate containment materials are suggested, based on a literature survey of the materials' compatibility and proton irradiation tests: Croloy 2-1/4, modified 9Cr-1Mo, and 12Cr-1Mo (HT-9) steel. These materials seem to be used only if the lead-bismuth is thoroughly deoxidized and treated with zirconium and magnesium. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:315 / 325
页数:11
相关论文
共 28 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], OXIDATION HIGH TEMPE
[2]  
Berry W. E., 1971, CORROSION NUCL APPL, P316
[3]  
BROWN RD, 1982, SPECIAL TECHNICAL PU, V782, P917
[4]  
BROWN RD, 1987, SPECIAL TECHNICAL PU, V956, P131
[5]  
Cathcart J.V., 1956, CORROSION, V12, P43, DOI DOI 10.5006/0010-9312-12.2.43
[6]  
CYGAN R, 1954, NAASR1060
[7]  
CYGAN R, 1953, NAASR253
[8]   THE OXIDATION CHARACTERISTICS OF NIOBIUM-1 ZIRCONIUM ALLOY [J].
DELGROSSO, EJ ;
KRUTENAT, RC ;
CARLSON, CE ;
CARTA, JS .
JOURNAL OF THE LESS-COMMON METALS, 1963, 5 (01) :57-77
[9]  
DIMMICK GR, 1968, FSDING136
[10]   OXIDATION RATES OF NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM ALLOYS AT LOW-PRESSURES [J].
DISTEFANO, JR ;
HENDRICKS, JW .
OXIDATION OF METALS, 1994, 41 (5-6) :365-376