The Modulating Role of Stress in the Onset and Course of Tourette's Syndrome: A Review

被引:32
作者
Buse, Judith [1 ]
Kirschbaum, Clemens [2 ]
Leckman, James F. [3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ]
Muenchau, Alexander [7 ]
Roessner, Veit [1 ]
机构
[1] Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Med Fak Carl Gustav Carus, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
[2] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Biopsychol, Dept Psychol, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
[3] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
[4] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Paediat, New Haven, CT USA
[5] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT USA
[6] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
[7] Med Univ Lubeck, Dept Pediat & Adult Movement Disorders & Neuropsy, Inst Neurogenet, Lubeck, Germany
关键词
Tourette's syndrome; stress; tics; HPA axis; cortisol; immunology; dopamine; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE-RELAXATION; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; EUROPEAN CLINICAL GUIDELINES; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; MEDIAL ZONA INCERTA; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; HAIR CORTISOL; DOPAMINE RELEASE; BEHAVIOR-THERAPY;
D O I
10.1177/0145445514522056
中图分类号
B849 [应用心理学];
学科分类号
040203 ;
摘要
Accumulating data indicate a common occurrence of tic exacerbations and periods of psychosocial stress. Patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS) also exhibit aberrant markers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. Based on these findings, a functional relationship between stress and tic disorders has been suggested, but the underlying mechanism of how stress may affect tic pathology remains to be elucidated. We suggest that dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission as well as immunology play a crucial role in mediating this relationship. Two possibilities of causal direction might be assumed: (a) psychosocial stress might lead to an exacerbation of tics via activation of HPA axis and subsequent changes in neurotransmission or immunology and (b) TS-related abnormalities in neurotransmission or immunology result in a higher vulnerability of affected patients to respond to psychosocial stress with a strong activation of the HPA axis. It may also be the case that both assumptions hold true and interact with each other.
引用
收藏
页码:184 / 216
页数:33
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