Agent-Based Distributed Control Schemes for Distributed Energy Storage Systems Under Cyber Attacks

In this paper, the ratios of the required power exchange by the distributed energy storage systems (DESSs) to their power capacity/maximum allowed power for charging or discharging operations are used as information to be exchanged among different battery agents associated with respective to DESSs. First, a fuzzy logic-based information deviation detection scheme is proposed for detection of the effects of cyber-attacks on the information. Two distributed control schemes, based on leader-follower distributed control schemes, are proposed to decide the power exchange by DESS under cyber-attack scenarios. A consensus-based leader-follower distributed control scheme under cyber-attacks, with an arbitrary topology, is proposed while incorporating information deviation detection scheme. Furthermore, a novel agent-based secure distributed optimal control scheme is proposed for charging and discharging of distributed energy storage systems. Linear quadratic regulator-based distributed optimal control scheme is incorporated in this scheme. In both proposed control schemes, the information deviation of agents is monitored and, based on their information deviations, the control actions are taken to ensure agents' information convergence. The electricity consumption data of a practical medium-voltage distribution system is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes. Both control schemes are demonstrated to ensure peak shaving operations in the power distribution system, which may consist of an unreliable communication network, by DESSs.