The T3SS of Shigella: Expression, Structure, Function, and Role in Vacuole Escape

被引:38
作者
Bajunaid, Waad [1 ,2 ]
Haidar-Ahmad, Nathaline [1 ,2 ]
Kottarampatel, Anwer Hasil [1 ,2 ]
Ourida Manigat, France [1 ,2 ]
Silue, Navoun [1 ,2 ]
F. Tchagang, Caetanie [1 ,2 ]
Tomaro, Kyle [1 ,2 ]
Campbell-Valois, Francois-Xavier [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Ottawa, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
[2] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biochem Microbiol & Immunol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
基金
加拿大健康研究院; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
Shigella; type III secretion system (T3SS); injectisome; secretion; transcription regulation; virulence; genetically encoded reporter; vacuole rupture; autophagy; III SECRETION SYSTEM; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY SWITCH; GENE REGULATORY CASCADE; VIRULENCE PLASMID; H-NS; NEEDLE COMPLEX; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; PROTEIN SECRETION; SORTING PLATFORM; EPITHELIAL-CELLS;
D O I
10.3390/microorganisms8121933
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Shigella spp. are one of the leading causes of infectious diarrheal diseases. They are Escherichia coli pathovars that are characterized by the harboring of a large plasmid that encodes most virulence genes, including a type III secretion system (T3SS). The archetypal element of the T3SS is the injectisome, a syringe-like nanomachine composed of approximately 20 proteins, spanning both bacterial membranes and the cell wall, and topped with a needle. Upon contact of the tip of the needle with the plasma membrane, the injectisome secretes its protein substrates into host cells. Some of these substrates act as translocators or effectors whose functions are key to the invasion of the cytosol and the cell-to-cell spread characterizing the lifestyle of Shigella spp. Here, we review the structure, assembly, function, and methods to measure the activity of the injectisome with a focus on Shigella, but complemented with data from other T3SS if required. We also present the regulatory cascade that controls the expression of T3SS genes in Shigella. Finally, we describe the function of translocators and effectors during cell-to-cell spread, particularly during escape from the vacuole, a key element of Shigella's pathogenesis that has yet to reveal all of its secrets.
引用
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页码:1 / 28
页数:27
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