At present, a lot of China counties and towns are faced with heavy financial debt, which has seriously affected the development of agriculture and agricultural economy. In the thesis, on the basis of domestic scholars' and the author's investigation results, the current situation of finance debt of china counties and townships are analyzed, which can provide a useful reference for china county and town finance crisis resolving. The current situation of county and town is analyzed from three aspects: the origin, causes and impact, At present, County and town debt are mostly borrowed from domestic and foreign banks, the superior government, the national debt etc. The insufficient of tax revenue, the rigid increase of legal expenditure and particular item matching expenditure, government taking part in economical activities as investor, local government short-term conduct are the direct causes of China county and town debt. The heavy debt has influenced the operation of county and town government, which has lost the ability to provide the essential rural public service, as a result, the rural long-term political and social stabilization will be affected.