A Virulent Strain of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) of Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Prevails after Varroa destructor-Mediated, or In Vitro, Transmission

被引:263
作者
Ryabov, Eugene V. [1 ]
Wood, Graham R. [2 ]
Fannon, Jessica M. [1 ]
Moore, Jonathan D. [2 ]
Bull, James C. [1 ]
Chandler, Dave [3 ]
Mead, Andrew [1 ]
Burroughs, Nigel [2 ]
Evans, David J. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Warwick, Sch Life Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England
[2] Univ Warwick, Warwick Syst Biol Ctr, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England
[3] Univ Warwick, Life Sci & Warwick Crop Ctr, Wellesbourne, Warwick, England
基金
英国惠康基金; 英国自然环境研究理事会; 英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会;
关键词
PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; ANTIVIRAL DEFENSE; GENE ONTOLOGY; DROSOPHILA; INFECTION; TRANSCRIPTION; COLLAPSE; STRATEGIES; HEMOCYTES; EVOLUTION;
D O I
10.1371/journal.ppat.1004230
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
The globally distributed ectoparasite Varroa destructor is a vector for viral pathogens of the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera), in particular the Iflavirus Deformed Wing Virus (DWV). In the absence of Varroa low levels DWV occur, generally causing asymptomatic infections. Conversely, Varroa-infested colonies show markedly elevated virus levels, increased overwintering colony losses, with impairment of pupal development and symptomatic workers. To determine whether changes in the virus population were due Varroa amplifying and introducing virulent virus strains and/or suppressing the host immune responses, we exposed Varroa-naive larvae to oral and Varroa-transmitted DWV. We monitored virus levels and diversity in developing pupae and associated Varroa, the resulting RNAi response and transcriptome changes in the host. Exposed pupae were stratified by Varroa association (presence/absence) and virus levels (low/high) into three groups. Varroa-free pupae all exhibited low levels of a highly diverse DWV population, with those exposed per os (group NV) exhibiting changes in the population composition. Varroa-associated pupae exhibited either low levels of a diverse DWV population (group VL) or high levels of a near-clonal virulent variant of DWV (group VH). These groups and unexposed controls (C) could be also discriminated by principal component analysis of the transcriptome changes observed, which included several genes involved in development and the immune response. All Varroa tested contained a diverse replicating DWV population implying the virulent variant present in group VH, and predominating in RNA-seq analysis of temporally and geographically separate Varroa-infested colonies, was selected upon transmission from Varroa, a conclusion supported by direct injection of pupae in vitro with mixed virus populations. Identification of a virulent variant of DWV, the role of Varroa in its transmission and the resulting host transcriptome changes furthers our understanding of this important viral pathogen of honeybees.
引用
收藏
页数:21
相关论文
共 86 条
  • [1] Akhter S, 2013, SCI REPORTS, V3, P7
  • [2] Disruption of vitellogenin gene function in adult honeybees by intra-abdominal injection of double-stranded RNA
    Amdam, GV
    Simoes, ZLP
    Guidugli, KR
    Norberg, K
    Omholt, SW
    [J]. BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2003, 3 (1)
  • [3] [Anonymous], 2011, R LANG ENV STAT COMP
  • [4] [Anonymous], 2005, PHYLIP (phylogeny inference package) version 3.6
  • [5] Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology
    Ashburner, M
    Ball, CA
    Blake, JA
    Botstein, D
    Butler, H
    Cherry, JM
    Davis, AP
    Dolinski, K
    Dwight, SS
    Eppig, JT
    Harris, MA
    Hill, DP
    Issel-Tarver, L
    Kasarskis, A
    Lewis, S
    Matese, JC
    Richardson, JE
    Ringwald, M
    Rubin, GM
    Sherlock, G
    [J]. NATURE GENETICS, 2000, 25 (01) : 25 - 29
  • [6] Designs for two-colour microarray experiments
    Bailey, R. A.
    [J]. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS, 2007, 56 : 365 - 394
  • [7] The phytopathogenic bacteria Erwinia carotovora infects Drosophila and activates an immune response
    Basset, A
    Khush, RS
    Braun, A
    Gardan, L
    Boccard, F
    Hoffmann, JA
    Lemaitre, B
    [J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2000, 97 (07) : 3376 - 3381
  • [8] The population dynamical implications of covert infections in host-microparasite interactions
    Boots, M
    Greenman, J
    Ross, D
    Norman, R
    Hails, R
    Sait, S
    [J]. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY, 2003, 72 (06) : 1064 - 1072
  • [9] RNAi Targeting of West Nile Virus in Mosquito Midguts Promotes Virus Diversification
    Brackney, Doug E.
    Beane, Jennifer E.
    Ebel, Gregory D.
    [J]. PLOS PATHOGENS, 2009, 5 (07)
  • [10] A Strong Immune Response in Young Adult Honeybees Masks Their Increased Susceptibility to Infection Compared to Older Bees
    Bull, James C.
    Ryabov, Eugene V.
    Prince, Gill
    Mead, Andrew
    Zhang, Cunjin
    Baxter, Laura A.
    Pell, Judith K.
    Osborne, Juliet L.
    Chandler, Dave
    [J]. PLOS PATHOGENS, 2012, 8 (12)