The execution of a free trade agreement can generate effects in economic matters and risks of violation of human rights that must be contemplated from the negotiation process, in order to avoid, in the execution stage, possible effects on vulnerable sectors. In this article, we present, based on the category of atypical vulnerability, possible social costs of vulnerable populations, such as ethnic communities, peasants and microentrepreneurs, derived from the execution of the COL-USA FTA related, among others, to the lack of judicial guarantees. for the defense of their rights. To achieve our objective, we develop a theoretical framework on the economic policy of Colombia to raise the scenarios of atypical vulnerability that we propose this from a legal analysis of a qualitative nature.