The Insect Pathogens

被引:67
作者
Lovett, Brian [1 ]
St Leger, Raymond J. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会; 美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
CUTICLE-DEGRADING ENZYMES; FUNGUS METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; GENOME SEQUENCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ULTRASTRUCTURAL-LOCALIZATION; ENTOMOPHTHORA-MUSCAE;
D O I
10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0001-2016
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Fungi are the most common disease-causing agents of insects; aside from playing a crucial role in natural ecosystems, insect-killing fungi are being used as alternatives to chemical insecticides and as resources for biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. Some common experimentally tractable genera, such as Metarhizium spp., exemplify genetic diversity and dispersal because they contain numerous intraspecific variants with distinct environmental and insect host ranges. The availability of tools for molecular genetics and multiple sequenced genomes has made these fungi ideal experimental models for answering basic questions on the genetic and genomic processes behind adaptive phenotypes. For example, comparative genomics of entomopathogenic fungi has shown they exhibit diverse reproductive modes that often determine rates and patterns of genome evolution and are linked as cause or effect with pathogenic strategies. Fungal-insect pathogens represent lifestyle adaptations that evolved numerous times, and there are significant differences in host range and pathogenic strategies between the major groups. However, typically, spores landing on the cuticle produce appressoria and infection pegs that breach the cuticle using mechanical pressure and cuticle-degrading enzymes. Once inside the insect body cavity, fungal pathogens face a potent and comprehensively studied immune defense by which the host attempts to eliminate or reduce an infection. The Fungal Kingdom stands alone in the range, extent, and complexity of their manipulation of arthropod behavior. In part, this is because most only sporulate on cadavers, so they must ensure the dying host positions itself to allow efficient transmission.
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页数:19
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