The world-class city comes by tramway: Reframing Casablanca's urban peripheries through public transport

Although framed as projects targeting the improvement of public transport, the reduction of traffic congestion and the integration of urban peripheries, tramways are often inscribed to political ambitions of modernisation and urban renewal. As such, Morocco's tramway projects constitute a distinct feature of national urban worlding ambitions promoting 'world-class' cities. Likewise, Casablanca's tramway is closely entangled with political discourses on the urban integration of politically marginalised working-class neighbourhoods. However, this article sees the tramway as a symbol and driving force of a new distinction of the urban peripheries of Casablanca - separating it into 'old' and 'new', desired and undesired population groups. On the one hand, the tramway has fostered the incorporation of the traditional working-class neighbourhoods - the old peripheries - into Casablanca's urban 'world-class' project. On the other hand, the tramway is the flagship of urban renaissance policies that have pushed stigmatised street vendors and shantytown dwellers from the working-class neighbourhoods to isolated new towns - the emerging 'new' peripheries. Here they are kept - spatially and discursively - outside the 'world-class' city, largely dependent on inadequate, costly and insecure urban public transport. These dynamics not only conflict with the tramway's objectives to decrease traffic congestion and to promote socio-spatial integration, they also show the power of urban worlding projects to reframe urban marginality and to define who does (and who does not) have access to the 'world-class' city.