Assessment of a Domiciliary Integrated Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program for Patients with a History of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective 12-Month Observational Study

Background: Integrated pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may prevent acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness, before and 12 months after, the use of an integrated PR program in patients discharged from hospital for AECOPD. Material/Methods: A retrospective observational clinical study included patients diagnosed with COPD who participated in a domiciliary integrated PR program that included a weekly phone interview supervised by a respiratory team. A six-minute walk test (6MWT), COPD assessment test (CAT), and the modified Medical Research Council scale (mMRC) were evaluated every three months. Results: Of the 303 eligible patients, 267 patients (88.1%), with a mean age of 64.9 +/- 8.7 years, a mean FEV 1 percentage predicted of 48.8 +/- 12.9%, successfully completed the 12-month study program and achieved a significant improvement in their clinical performance with a significantly reduced frequency of episodes of EACOPD (3.1 +/- 1.7 vs. 2.0 +/- 1.4) (p<0.001), a significant reduction in emergency department visits (2.5 +/- 1.5 vs. 1.2 +/- 1.1) (p<0.001), and significantly reduced episodes of hospitalization (2.0 +/- 1.2 vs. 1.4 +/- 1.2) (p<0.001). Significant patient benefits were found during the 12-month study, on CAT, mMRC, and patient well-being when compared with the end of the study after 12 months (p<0.001). Conclusions: A multidisciplinary integrated PR program maintained a significant clinical improvement, in patients with COPD by reducing episodes of AECOPD, CAT, mMRC, emergency hospital admissions, and improved patient well-being, for the duration of the program.